• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A system for additive manufacturing of components (W) comprises a powder receptacle (1) which is designed to receive a material (P) powder material (P) as starting material for a component to be manufactured, a construction platform (FIG. 1) mounted within the powder receptacle (1). 2) which is rotatably supported about a rotation axis (3) opposite to the powder receptacle (1), a lowering drive which is adapted to gradually or continuously lower the build platform (2) within the powder receptacle (1), and an energy input device (L) which is disposed above an opening of the powder accommodating container (1) and adapted to perform locally selective fusion or curing thereof on a surface of a powdery material (P) incorporated in the powder accommodating container (1). The construction platform (2) can be tilted with respect to a rotation axis (3) of the rotatable mounting by an angle of inclination (θ).
    公开号:CH712245A2
    申请号:CH00251/17
    申请日:2017-03-01
    公开日:2017-09-15
    发明作者:Michael Wienberg Thorsten
    申请人:Airbus Operations Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates to a system for additive manufacturing of components and a method for the additive production of components, in which an improved spatial positioning of the semi-finished component during manufacture is possible, in particular for use in the manufacture of components with improved material properties Aerospace area.
    TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
    Stereo lithography ("stereolithography", SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM) belong to the group of generative manufacturing processes and are commonly used as 3D printing processes " designated. In this case, data sets are generated on the basis of geometric models, which are used in a special generative manufacturing system for the production of objects predefined form of informal materials such as liquids and powders formneutralem semi-finished products such as band, wire or web material by means of chemical and / or physical processes become. 3D printing processes use additive processes in which the starting material is built up in layers in predetermined forms sequentially.
    3D printing processes are currently widely used in the production of prototypes or in rapid product development ("Rapid Product Development", RPD), in which a resource-efficient process chain for demand-oriented small and large-scale production of individualized components is used. 3D printing processes are widely used in civil engineering, architecture, dental technology, toolmaking, implantology, industrial design, the automotive industry, and the aerospace industry.
    3D printers and in particular laser sintering devices use a computer-aided design system (CAD) on the one hand and a blasting machine on the other hand, which the generative layer structure of the object to be printed on the basis of provided by the CAD system digital Manufacturing model performs. A three-dimensional CAD model of the object to be printed is subjected to a processing procedure for generating the control data necessary for the blast machine, the so-called "slicing". In this case, the CAD model in layers of predetermined uniform thickness with layer normal along the construction direction of the blasting machine is digitally decomposed, which then form the basis for the control of the energy beam at the source material surface in the blasting machine. A conventional slice decomposition algorithm maps the CAD model onto a parquetted surface model, resulting in a set of closed curves or surface polygons that define the so-called "slices" between two model cuts that follow one another perpendicularly by the direction of construction of the jet installation.
    Such surface models can be stored, for example, in STL format common to stereolithography, which describes the surface geometry of the three-dimensional object to be printed as raw data unstructured triangular textures. The blasting system reads the surface model data and puts them in a corresponding drive pattern for the laser beam in one SLA, SLS or SLM manufacturing processes.
    By 3D printing methods such as SLA, SLS or SLM creates much design freedom in the production of complex three-dimensional components and components in terms of their geometric shape and structure. It is desirable to accelerate the fabrication of devices and components by implementing manufacturing steps more efficiently.
    Various approaches in the prior art are concerned with based on a rotational movement of the building platforms 3D printing processes: The document DE 10 2013 210 242 A1 shows a plant for selective laser melting with a cup-shaped powder bed carrier, which can be rotated in the powder production. Document DE 10 2009 046 440 A1 discloses a device for the generative production of a component with a lowerable carrier plate and a material supply unit rotating above the carrier plate. Document DE 10 235 434 A1 discloses a device for the layered, generative production of three-dimensional objects with a rotatable construction area. The documents US 2008/0109 102 A1 and US 2004/0 265 413 A1 each disclose a 3D printing device with a rotatable construction platform. The document WO 2015/139 094 A1 discloses a computer-controlled system for the additive production of components, which has a robotic arm mounted in a hardenable liquid with a construction platform rotatably and tiltably mounted thereon.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    One of the objects of the invention is therefore to find more efficient solutions for the additive manufacturing of objects, especially in such manufacturing processes, which are produced with the aid of selective laser sintering, selective laser melting or stereolithography of powdery starting materials.
    These and other objects are achieved by a system for additive manufacturing of components having the features of claim 1, a method for additive manufacturing of components with the features of claim 9 and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having the features of claim 15.
    According to a first aspect of the invention, a system for additive manufacturing of components comprises a powder container, which is adapted to receive as a starting material for a component to be powdered material, a stored within the powder receiving container construction platform, which compared to the powder container to a Rotary shaft is rotatably supported, a lowering drive, which is adapted to the construction platform within the powder receiving container gradually or continuously lower, and an energy input device which is disposed above an opening of the powder receiving container and is adapted to a surface of an introduced into the powder receiving container powdered material perform a locally selective fusion or curing of the same. The construction platform is tiltable with respect to a rotational axis of the rotatable bearing by an inclination angle.
    According to a second aspect of the invention, a method for additive manufacturing of components comprises the steps of introducing a powder bed powdered material as a raw material for a component to be manufactured in a powder container, the locally selective melting or curing of the powdery material on a surface of the powder bed by an energy input means disposed over an opening of the powder receiving container, rotating a build platform rotatably supported within the powder receiving container about an axis of rotation during locally selective melting or curing, and stepwise or continuously lowering the build platform within the powder receiving container. In this case, the construction platform is tilted during rotation relative to the axis of rotation by an inclination angle.
    According to a third aspect of the invention, computer-executable instructions are stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium which, when executed by a data processing device, cause the data-processing apparatus to perform the steps of a method according to the second aspect of the present invention.
    An essential idea of the invention is to equip powder bed manufacturing plants with a rotatable and tiltable building platform, which can be aligned in the powder bed and rotated during a sintering or melting process under a substantially stationary energy input device. As a result, in particular rotationally symmetrical workpieces can be manufactured particularly efficiently and with high accuracy, since a movement and adjustment of the energy input device is not or only to a small extent necessary.
    3D printing processes in general, and the variants described herein in particular, are particularly advantageous for component manufacturing, since they allow the production of three-dimensional components in original molding processes without the need for special production tools adapted to the external shape of the components. This enables highly efficient, material-saving and time-saving production processes for components and components. Particularly advantageous are such 3D printing process for structural components in the aerospace sector, since there are used many different, tailored to specific applications components that in such 3D printing process with low cost, low production lead time and low complexity in the for the Manufacturing required manufacturing equipment can be produced.
    By the ability to selectively tilt a rotating platform for workpieces to be produced or to make their platform level with respect to the axis of rotation obliquely to an inclination angle, it is possible to produce even more beveled undercuts or overhangs, where otherwise applied powder layer would slip off. In addition, by an inclined position of the building platform further structural modifications to already hardened parts of the work area can be carried out, which would lie at a non-inclined platform below the powder bed surface and thus would be inaccessible for selective curing.
    Advantageous embodiments and further developments will become apparent from the other dependent claims and from the description with reference to the figures.
    According to some embodiments of the inventive system and method, the powdery material may comprise a metallic powder.
    According to some further embodiments of the system and method according to the invention, the powder receptacle and / or the construction platform may have a cylindrical shape.
    According to some further embodiments of the system according to the invention, the system may further comprise a powder reservoir adapted to feed additional powdered material into the powder receptacle and a powder removal device adapted to supply the powdered material additionally fed from the powder reservoir to the powder reservoir To remove powder surface for smoothing the surface.
    According to some further embodiments of the inventive system, the lowering drive can have a worm gear driven by a lowering drive motor.
    According to some further embodiments of the inventive system, the system may further comprise a turntable rigidly connected to the rotation axis, and one or more ball bearings, which rotatably support the construction platform on the turntable. Herein, in some embodiments, a rotary drive motor and a rotary drive shaft driven by the rotary drive motor may be provided, the rotary drive shaft driving the build platform for rotation about the rotation axis on the turntable.
    According to some further embodiments of the system according to the invention, the energy input device may comprise a point-focused or line-shaped laser focused on the powder surface.
    According to some embodiments of the method according to the invention, the locally selective melting or curing can be carried out by means of a laser focused in a punctiform or linear manner on the powder surface.
    According to some further embodiments of the inventive method, the method may further comprise the step of changing the tilt angle after a respective lowering of the build platform by a predetermined distance. In some embodiments, after a change in the angle of inclination of the building platform, additional powdered material can be fed from a powder reservoir into the powder receptacle.
    The above refinements and developments can be combined with each other, if appropriate. Further possible refinements, developments and implementations of the invention also include combinations, not explicitly mentioned, of features of the invention described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments. In particular, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the present invention.
    BRIEF CONTENT OF THE FIGURES
    The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments indicated in the schematic figures.
    1 is a schematic illustration of a system for the additive production of components according to an embodiment of the invention,
    2 shows a schematic illustration of a detailed view of the system for the additive production of components according to FIG. 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention,
    3 shows a schematic illustration of a further detailed view of the system for the additive production of components according to FIG. 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention,
    4 shows a block diagram of a method for the additive fabrication of components according to a further embodiment of the invention, and
    Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a computer-readable storage medium according to another embodiment of the invention.
    The accompanying figures are intended to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention. They illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain principles and concepts of the invention. Other embodiments and many of the stated advantages will become apparent with reference to the drawings. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily shown to scale to each other. Directional terminology such as "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "over", "under", "horizontal", "vertical", "front", "back" and the like are merely illustrative Purposes are not intended to limit the general public to specific embodiments as shown in the figures.
    In the figures of the drawing are the same, functionally identical and same-acting elements, features and components - unless otherwise stated - each provided with the same reference numerals.
    DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
    3D printing method in the context of the present application include all generative manufacturing processes in which on the basis of geometric models objects predefined form of informal materials such as liquids and powders form neutral semi-finished products such as band, wire or web material by means of chemical and / or physical processes in a special generative manufacturing system. In the context of the present application, 3D printing processes use additive processes in which the starting material is built up sequentially in layers in predetermined forms. In particular, 3D printing processes include stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM). In particular, 3D printing processes according to the present invention include additive manufacturing processes in which metallic starting materials such as, for example, liquefied metal or metal powder are used for the additive production of components.
    Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a system 10 for the additive or additive manufacturing of components, in the following short 3D printing device 10. The 3D printing device 10 may, for example, a system for selective
    Laser sintering, a system for selective laser melting or a stereolithography system. In the following, the basic principles of the 3D printing device 10 will be explained by way of example in connection with SLS, although printing devices for other 3D printing processes may be structured differently.
    An energy input device, for example a CO2 laser L, sends an energy beam in a location-selective manner to a specific part of a powder surface powdery material P, which rests in a designed as a powder receptacle working chamber 1 on a building platform 2. For example, the powder receptacle 1 may be generally pot-shaped and take the outer shape of a hollow cylinder or hollow box. Accordingly, the build platform 2 may be, for example, a cylindrical disk of small thickness whose diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the powder container 1, so that a rotation of the building platform 2 within the powder receptacle 1 about a rotation axis 3 is possible.
    The energy input device L may be, for example, a fixedly mounted laser, which deflects the laser beam depending on their tilted position on a certain part of the powder surface of the powder P using a not explicitly shown optical deflection such as an arrangement of movable or tiltable mirror and on the Powder surface focussed The powdery material P may comprise, for example, a metal powder or a metal alloy powder, such as AlMgSc (Scalmalloy®).
    It may also be possible to use a line laser as the energy input device L, which uses a suitable refractive optical system, such as Powell lenses or cylindrical lenses, to cast a laser beam in a line onto the powder surface of the powder P or image it in a focused image. If the powder receptacle 1 or the build platform 2 are cylindrical, the laser line can be projected radially from the center of the build platform 2 towards the edge of the powder receptacle 1.
    At the point of impact of the laser beam or the laser line, the powder P is heated locally, so that the powder particles are locally melted and form an Agglomérat upon cooling. Depending on a digital production model provided by a CAD system and optionally processed, the laser beam scans the powder surface. After the selective melting and local agglomeration of the powder particles in the surface layer of the powder P, excess non-agglomerated powder may optionally be transferred to a surplus container (not shown). Thereafter, the construction platform 2 is lowered and new powder PS registered from a powder reservoir S in the powder receptacle 1. The powder surface may be smoothed by means of a powder removal device D such as a leveling roll or other suitable doctoring or rolling device. The powder charge PS from the powder reservoir S can be preheated by infrared light to a working temperature slightly below the melting temperature of the powder in order to accelerate the melting process. The entire system 10 can be accommodated in a housing (not explicitly shown), which is kept in an evacuated atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere.
    In this way, in an iterative additive building process, a three-dimensional sintered or "printed" object or workpiece W of agglomerated powder is formed. The surrounding powder serves to support the previously constructed part of the object W, so that no external support structure is necessary. By the stepwise continuous downward movement Z2 of the construction platform 2, the workpiece W is produced in a layered model generation.
    For downward movement Z2, the 3D printing device 10 has a lowering drive, which can lower the build platform 2 within the powder receiving container 1 gradually or continuously. For this purpose, the building platform 2 is mounted on a rotation axis 3, which extends perpendicularly through a bottom of the powder receptacle 1 therethrough. The lowering drive can, for example, have a worm gear 4 driven by a lowering drive motor 5, which engages with an external thread of the rotation axis 3 and converts a rotational movement of the shaft of the lowering drive motor 5 into a translational movement of the rotation axis 3 in the direction Z2.
    The construction platform 2 is also rotatably mounted relative to the powder receptacle 1 about the axis of rotation 3. For this purpose, the 3D printing apparatus 10 may comprise a turntable 9 rigidly connected to the rotation axis 3, on which the build platform 2 is rotatably mounted via one or more ball bearings 8. A rotary drive motor 6 transmits a rotary motion to a rotary drive shaft 7 driven by the rotary drive motor 6, which in turn is engaged with a corresponding thread on the underside of the build platform 2. Thereby, a rotational movement R7 of the rotary drive shaft 7 can be converted into a rotation of the build platform 2 about the rotation axis 3 on the turntable 9.
    In the additive production of a workpiece W, the powder bed of the powdery material P is filled up as a starting material for the additive manufacturing up to a certain height within the powder receiving container 1. The energy input means L locally melts or cures certain areas locally on a surface of the powdery material P incorporated in the powder receiving container 1. For this purpose, the construction platform 2 is set in rotation via a corresponding control of the rotary drive motor 6 during the energy input, so that the energy input device L sweeps through the rotation of the building platform 2 a predetermined melting or Aushärtpfad.
    If a layer of the workpiece W is melted or hardened as intended, the lowering drive can lower the build platform 2 by a certain drop height, so that again powdered material PS can be fed from a powder reservoir S into the powder receptacle 1. For smoothing the surface of the tracked powder, the 3D printing device 10 may comprise a powder removal device D, such as a doctor blade or a leveling roll, which is adapted to remove the additionally guided from the powder reservoir S powdery material PS on the powder surface. The powder removal device D can be lowered for example in the direction ZD on the powder surface and remove the excess powder in a rotary motion RD.
    In FIGS. 2 and 3, schematic illustrations of details of a 3D printing device 10 in the region of the powder receiving container 1 of FIG. 1 are shown by way of example. It should be understood that features and feature sets of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 can also be applied to the embodiment of FIG.
    Fig. 2 shows the powder receiving container 1, in which the plane of the building platform 2 is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation 3, i. E. the construction platform 2 extends at a right angle with respect to the axis of rotation 3 within the powder receiving container 1. As a result, additionally introduced powder P is distributed on the building platform 2 in a substantially uniform thickness.
    FIG. 3 now shows that the plane of the construction platform 2 can be tilted relative to the axis of rotation 3 by an angle of inclination Θ. In other words, the build platform 2 can be tilted relative to the rotation axis 3 such that the build platform 2 extends obliquely within the powder receptacle 1. Upon rotation of the building platform 2 about the rotation axis 3, therefore, additionally introduced powder P will remain on those sections of an already partly manufactured workpiece W, which extend horizontally to the axis of rotation 3 in the tilted position of the building platform 2. In particular, in the case of overhangs and undercuts of the workpiece W to be produced, the energy input device L can therefore enter energy into areas of the powder bed which are at a horizontal, i. not tilted position of the build platform 2 would not be reached.
    4 shows a block diagram of a schematic sequence of an SD printing method M for producing additively manufactured components, for example those components or workpieces W, as used in a 3D printing apparatus such as the 3D printer shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. Printing device 10 can be produced. In this case, the 3D printing method M can resort to the infrastructure of the SD printing devices 10, as they have been explained in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3.
    In a first step Ml, a powder bed of powdery material P is first of all introduced as the starting material for a component W to be manufactured in a powder container 1. By locally selectively melting or curing the powdery material on a surface of the powder bed through an opening in the powder bed In a second step M2, for example by means of a laser focused punctiformly or linearly on the powder surface, during the rotation of a building platform 2 rotatably mounted within the powder receiving container 1 about a rotation axis 3 in a third step M3, a workpiece W can be generative in layers be made. For this purpose, in a fourth step M4, a gradual or continuous lowering of the building platform 2 within the powder receiving container 1 can take place. During the rotation in step M3, the construction platform 2 is tilted with respect to the rotation axis 3 by an inclination angle Θ.
    After a respective lowering of the building platform 2 by a predetermined distance, the inclination angle Θ can be optionally changed to provide better accessibility for the locally selective melting or curing process in respective overhanging or undercut areas of the workpiece W. In each case after such a change in the inclination angle Θ of the construction platform 2 additional powdery material PS from a powder reservoir S are tracked into the powder receptacle 1.
    The method described can be generally used in all areas of the transport industry, for example for road vehicles, for rail vehicles or for watercraft, but also in engineering and mechanical engineering.
    Fig. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium 20 having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, when executed by a data-processing device, causing the data-processing device to perform the steps of the SD discussed in connection with Fig. 4 Printing method M execute. The storage medium 20 may comprise, for example, an SD card, a USB flash memory, a floppy disk, a CD, a DVD or similar suitable medium.
    In the foregoing detailed description, various features have been summarized to improve the stringency of the presentation in one or more examples. It should be understood, however, that the above description is merely illustrative and not restrictive in nature. It is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents of the various features and embodiments. Many other examples will be immediately and immediately apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, given the skill of the art in light of the above description.
    The embodiments have been selected and described in order to represent the principles underlying the invention and their potential applications in practice in the best possible way. As a result, those skilled in the art can optimally modify and utilize the invention and its various embodiments with respect to the intended use. In the claims as well as the description, the terms "including" and "having" are used as
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    used neutral language terminology for the corresponding terms "comprehensive". Furthermore, a use of the terms "one", "one" and "one" a plurality of features and components described in such a way should not be excluded in principle. claims
    A system (10) for additive manufacturing of components (W), comprising: a powder container (1) adapted to receive a raw material (P) as a raw material for a component to be manufactured (P); a building platform (2) mounted within the powder receptacle (1) and rotatably supported relative to the powder receptacle (1) about a rotation axis (3); a lowering drive (4, 5) adapted to gradually or continuously lower the build platform (2) within the powder receptacle (1); and an energy input device (L) disposed above an opening of said powder accommodating container (1) and adapted to perform locally selective fusion or curing thereof on a surface of a powdery material (P) incorporated in said powder accommodating container (1) in that the construction platform (2) can be tilted by an angle of inclination (Θ) relative to a rotation axis (3) of the rotatable support.
    [2]
    2. System (10) according to claim 1, wherein the powdery material (P) comprises a metallic powder.
    [3]
    3. System (10) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the powder receptacle (1) and / or the building platform (2) have a cylindrical shape.
    [4]
    A system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a powder reservoir (S) adapted to feed additional powdered material (PS) into the powder receptacle (1); and a Pulverabtragvorrichtung (D), which is adapted to remove the powder from the reservoir (S) additionally tracked powdery material (PS) on the powder surface for smoothing the surface.
    [5]
    5. System (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lowering drive comprises a by a lowering drive motor (5) driven worm gear (4).
    [6]
    The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: a turntable (9) rigidly connected to the rotation axis (3); and one or more ball bearings (8) which rotatably support the build platform (2) on the turntable (9).
    [7]
    The system (10) of claim 6, further comprising: a rotary drive motor (6); and a rotary drive shaft (7) driven by the rotary drive motor (6), which drives the build platform (2) for rotation about the rotation axis (3) on the turntable (9).
    [8]
    8. System (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the energy input device (L) comprises a punctiform or linearly focused on the powder surface laser (L).
    [9]
    9. A method (M) for the additive production of components (W), comprising the steps of: introducing (Ml) a powder bed of powdery material (P) as a starting material for a component to be manufactured (W) in a powder receptacle (1); locally selective melting or curing (M2) of the powdery material (P) on a surface of the powder bed by an energy input device (L) arranged above an opening of the powder receiving container (1); Rotating (M3) a build platform (2) rotatably supported within the powder receptacle (1) about an axis of rotation (3) during locally selective melting or curing; and gradual or continuous lowering (M4) of the building platform (2) within the powder receiving container (1), characterized in that the building platform (2) during the rotation (M3) relative to the rotation axis (3) is tilted by an inclination angle (Θ).
    [10]
    10. The method (M) according to claim 9, wherein the powdery material (P) comprises a metallic powder.
    [11]
    11. The method (M) according to any one of claims 9 and 10, wherein the powder receiving container (1) and / or the building platform (2) have a cylindrical shape.
    [12]
    12. The method (M) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the locally selective melting or curing (M2) by means of a punctiform or linearly focused on the powder surface laser (L) is performed.
    [13]
    13. The method (M) according to any one of claims 9 to 12, further comprising the step of: changing the inclination angle (Θ) after a respective lowering (M4) of the building platform (2) by a predetermined distance.
    [14]
    14. Method (M) according to claim 13, wherein after changing the angle of inclination (Θ) of the building platform (2), additional powdery material (PS) from a powder reservoir (S) is fed into the powder receptacle (1).
    [15]
    A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (20) having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, when executed by a data-processing device, causing the data-processing apparatus to perform the steps of a method (M) for additive manufacturing of components (W) according to claims 9 to carry out 14.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN107150121B|2021-06-15|
    US10722944B2|2020-07-28|
    CH712245B1|2020-12-15|
    CN107150121A|2017-09-12|
    DE102016203582A1|2017-09-07|
    US20170252806A1|2017-09-07|
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102016203582.7A|DE102016203582A1|2016-03-04|2016-03-04|Additive manufacturing system and process for additive manufacturing of components|
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